Total of Indonesian population
always increase in every year, recorded that average growth in each year raise 1.49% since 2000.Total
population in Indonesia in 2010 record
that 237.6 million people who could reflect demographic and domestic market
strength which very loud and potential. Nonetheless
Indonesian population pyramid which showed the population structure in
Indonesia will increase dominantly on labor force age rate, and also indicated
that Indonesia will get the demographic bonus. According to Indonesia 2010-2035
population projection book, there will be changed in dependency ratio, which
decrease from 50.5 percent in 2010 to 47.3 percent in 2030. An increase in productive
age rate population must be balanced with the increasing of its quality, so
then the chance to get a job will be better or can even create job
opportunities.
The proportion of increasing in labor
force age rate must be effectively and optimally used and not creating
unemployment problem. Since unemployment
problem has become nation massive problem which need to be integrated and synergistic
solved by all institution, government, business, and especially education
institution. Statistic data showed that in 2013, level of unemployment still
remain high with population reached almost 7.39 million or 6.25 percent from labor
force population, it increased 2.03 percent compared to 2012 which totally 7.24
million population of unemployed in labor force population. Decreasing of
unemployment is not only depending on creating the job opportunity from
government and private or foreign investment, but the well-educated labor force
also can be the generator in order to decrease unemployed people to become the
job creator.
In
2014, 11.04 percent of unemployment are educated labor force who came from the
university level and 38.35 percent came from high school level, it is a
misfortune if human capital investment is not optimally used. The total of job
seeker is greater than job opportunities which available, so that the chance to
become an entrepreneur in order to head the demographic bonus is fully
potential. Demographic bonus will create a dynamic economy, because to fulfill
the domestic market consumption, it needed to produce product and service which
is enough. The role of entrepreneur in national economy as economy controller,
supporter, and engine of a nation has function in created new investment, new
capital, new job opportunity, productivity, increasing export, push up the
economic growth, decreasing the social lag, and definitely increasing welfare.
There are so many roles from entrepreneurship, but Indonesia only has 0.29
percent, which is left far behind compare to Singapore and Malaysia which have
8.04 and 2.28 percent from total population who became an entrepreneur (Doing
Business Report, 2012). If Indonesia wants to become a developed country, it
has to have at least 2 percent of entrepreneur from total population who is
able to motoring the national economy dynamically. It is needed a change in
paradigm in education which so far has been created from the colonial era,
education only prepared skilled labor for bureaucracy and industrial needed.
Here is the role of education institution and also government to work together
in order to realizing the education system to entrepreneur oriented. College
which known so far as a education institution has strategic roles in order to
created young competed entrepreneur.
Creating
an entrepreneur is need a character education as basic foundation in human
resource investment, creating mind-set of an entrepreneur are suppose to think
creatively, able to look forward and make a chance. Through primary and
secondary school, government should be able to create an entrepreneur sense to
the young generations. Rewrite the curriculum which is able to create a human
resource that has an entrepreneurship character. Education which need is an
education that could look for self-confidence and optimistic, result and job
oriented, brave to take risks and dare of challenges, sense of leadership,
original, and also to think to create future.
If
these six characters have created in primary and secondary school, so then
Indonesia already has a qualified foundation for this nation. This foundation
still has to be completed in mastering some skill in language, communication,
technology, information, and finally based on current knowledge to face the
globalization era. This is also supposed to be support with an educated
instructor who is capable and understands in character building. Demographic bonuses
which will reach the peak at 2025-2035 make Indonesia still have a chance to
create its golden generation. College curriculum orientation which is
more dominant in reaching grade point average (GPA) dan study term,
otherwise another competent for example life skills, softskills, and
entrepreneur are not yet can be developed. Creating your entrepreneur who basically learn about self-study
during primary and secondary can be continued to college level in research
based which can produces an innovated products. In college level, things that
become more in oriented are facilitating media or program which could stimulate
students in developing their ability and desire in making a business. Programs
which need to enhance more are programs that could increase the business
competent, like trainings, pilot project co-op, business-college oriented,
youth business incubator, and collegian business program. Programs like this
wish can stimulate the students to becoming young business person in
implicating the theories which have been learnt during the time in
college.
Research
college must create collegian more able to innovate in order to run his/her
business so that it could be more competent. In 2015, ASEAN Economic Community
start to run the free flow of products and services in ASEAN area, Indonesian
entrepreneurs is not only face domestic market competition, but also
competition in South-East Asia market. This problem becomes another big
challenge to college in order to increase the graduate qualities so that could
become a job creator who is knowledgeable and ease in technology.
Next,
it needs government commitment and role in order to help young entrepreneurs to
build their business with take a role in spirit building on entrepreneurship
through some programs which could stimulate them to build and expand their
business, by giving them helps such as capital even production equipment, ease
business creation, shorten business legitimating bureaucracy, give credit for
business to the young entrepreneur, give intensive tax to baby business, create
conducive business climate through rules
and healthy business competition climate, and also give achievement to
businessman/woman who is being success. Nevertheless, the Indonesia’s
government role as policies maker could be able to make rule which push every
public and private business to create special Corporate Social Responsibility
to help the baby business makers or even invite them to become training
partners.
Raising
the role of education institution in creating job creator becoming an urgent
situation for this nation in order to prepare the window of opportunity. Job
vacancies which have been prepared by the government through private sector and
government expenditure are not enough to accommodate all labor force in bonus
demographic time. But Indonesia can stimulate entrepreneur growth through
increasing education institution role in preparing human resources whom
competent and government role as policy maker to hold Indonesia economic growth
to optimizing demographic bonus.
Demographic bonus should be able to use optimally, because
increasing in total on labor force dominantly stay in Indonesia population
structure to open up all chances to become a developed country. Concrete steps
have been prepared demographic bonus by Indonesian in creating human resources
whom have quality and able to compete. Creating the characters making
Indonesian human resources have a strong foundation to face all challenges from
globalization and not only become a job seeker, but also job creator who is
able to create more working chance, so then demographic bonus can be fully and
optimally used and become a new step even brighter and golden for Indonesia in
becoming one developed country
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